{"id":2846,"date":"2023-03-03T08:30:07","date_gmt":"2023-03-03T01:30:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tuongphat3d.net\/tuong-phat-a-di-da-chua-phat-tich\/"},"modified":"2023-03-03T08:30:07","modified_gmt":"2023-03-03T01:30:07","slug":"tuong-phat-a-di-da-chua-phat-tich","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tuongphat3d.net\/tuong-phat-a-di-da-chua-phat-tich\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1eadt a di \u0111\u00e0 \u1edf vi\u1ec7t nam – Ch\u00f9a X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n
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\n 4.4\/5 - (7 b\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn) <\/div>\n <\/div>\n

\u0110\u1eb6C \u0110I\u1ec2M PHONG C\u00c1CH M\u1ef8 THU\u1eacT <\/p>\n

T\u01af\u1ee2NG PH\u1eacT<\/a> A DI \u0110\u00c0 \u1ede VI\u1ec6T NAM<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u01af\u01a0NG MINH TH\u1ecc<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Phong c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam mang gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i ri\u00eang.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt T\u00edch (B\u1eafc Ninh), trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh T\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, Chu Quang Tr\u1ee9 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc trang tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m phong c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1eddi L\u00fd – Tr\u1ea7n, mang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt ph\u01b0\u01a1ng phi m\u1ee5 m\u1eabm c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, \u201ct\u01b0 th\u1ebf chung t\u1ea1o b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c cho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng phi m\u1ee5 m\u1eabm. \u0110\u00f4i l\u00f4ng m\u00e0y cong giao nhau v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc m\u0169i d\u1ecdc d\u1eeba th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Hy L\u1ea1p. C\u00e1ch ng\u1ed3i Thi\u1ec1n theo ki\u1ec3u yoga \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. M\u1eaft ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng lim dim, mi\u1ec7ng c\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ee7m t\u1ec9m, c\u1ed5 cao ba ng\u1ea5n, ng\u00f3n tay b\u00fap m\u0103ng, b\u1ee5ng thon l\u1ea1i theo nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb9p Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d [Chu Quang Tr\u1ee9 2001: 80]. Chu Quang Tr\u1ee9 c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Hy L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u ng\u1ed3i Thi\u1ec1n gi\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 th\u1ebf yoga c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt \u1edf ch\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt T\u00edch l\u00e0 m\u1eabu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt c\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

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T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt T\u00edch, B\u1eafc Ninh. \u1ea2nh: Minh Th\u1ecd (2014)<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1ee3ng A Di \u0110\u00e0 ch\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt T\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh cao phong c\u00e1ch m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1eddi L\u00fd – Tr\u1ea7n. Th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e1t l\u00ean v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u1eef t\u00ednh. Khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t thanh khi\u1ebft, th\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb9p, th\u1eadt \u0111\u00f4n h\u1eadu, v\u1edbi v\u1ea7ng tr\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, \u0111\u00f4i l\u00f4ng m\u00e0y m\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 cong, \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft m\u01a1 m\u00e0ng h\u01a1i c\u00fai nh\u00ecn… Trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt L\u00fd – Tr\u1ea7n, m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Chu Quang Tr\u1ee9 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 ch\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt T\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cA Di \u0110\u00e0 to\u00e1t ra v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong con m\u1eaft lim dim d\u00e0i s\u1eafc, m\u0169i d\u1ecdc d\u1eeba thanh t\u00fa, mi\u1ec7ng m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o, c\u1ed5 cao ba ng\u1ea5n, tay m\u1ecbn m\u00e0ng thon l\u1eb3n\u2026\u201d [Chu Quang Tr\u1ee9 2011: 40]. Pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 vai r\u1ed9ng, th\u00e2n d\u1ecfng, to\u00e1t l\u00ean v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1ecfa ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f4i vai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, \u0111\u00f4i tay m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u00e0 sa b\u1ed3ng b\u1ec1nh… \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1c trau chu\u1ed1t tinh vi, nh\u1eefng n\u1ebfp \u00e1o ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn to\u00e0n th\u00e2n r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean [Chu Quang Tr\u1ee9 2011: 63]. Th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt m\u1eb7c \u00e1o, b\u1ee5ng qu\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kho\u00e1c m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u00e1o n\u1eefa; \u00e1o x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ebfp nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng bu\u00f4ng x\u00f5a. Th\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i h\u01a1i r\u01b0\u1edbn m\u00ecnh ra ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, hai tay \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u1eeda trong l\u00f2ng k\u1ebft \u1ea5n Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh Dhyana-mudra, v\u1edbi tay tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean tay ph\u1ea3i, ch\u00e2n ng\u1ed3i x\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng tr\u00f2n ki\u1ec3u ki\u1ebft gi\u00e0. Pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt t\u00edch r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n y\u00eau m\u1ebfn, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n

So v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt ch\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt T\u00edch th\u00ec t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean Trung Hoa c\u00f3 n\u00e9t v\u1ea1m v\u1ee1, b\u1ec1 th\u1ebf trong khi t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt th\u1eddi L\u00fd d\u00e1ng thanh tho\u00e1t, thon g\u1ecdn. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng A Di \u0110\u00e0 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng chu\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea7u k\u1ef3 r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i trong khi t\u01b0\u1ee3ng A Di \u0110\u00e0 ch\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt T\u00edch gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, trong s\u00e1ng, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1eddi L\u00fd kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed, nh\u1ee5c c\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u1ed5i, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean kho th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i man m\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb th\u1ea7n b\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf. <\/p>\n

C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt ch\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt T\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9, c\u00f4ng phu. M\u1ed9t b\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f2a sen ch\u1ea1m h\u00ecnh r\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc (b\u1ec7 cao 0,85 m). Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f4i r\u1ed3ng \u201cl\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ee3p\u201d tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i c\u00e1nh sen c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3n g\u00f3c, v\u1edbi hai l\u1edbp c\u00e1nh, m\u1ed9t \u00fap, m\u1ed9t ng\u1eeda. C\u00e1nh sen c\u00f3 hai l\u1edbp, xen k\u1ebd nhau, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i n\u1ed5i, linh \u0111\u1ed9ng, uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n… \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ec7, \u0111\u00e0i sen theo nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Chu Quang Tr\u1ee9 trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt L\u00fd – Tr\u1ea7n, m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cT\u00f2a sen c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i c\u1ea7u d\u1eb9t ch\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai con s\u01b0 t\u1eed \u0111ang ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ee5c… c\u1ea3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m r\u1ea5t tinh t\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft s\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc… t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u trau chu\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea1m b\u1ea1c\u201d [Chu Quang Tr\u1ee9 2011: 274-276], h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n v\u00e0o nhau trong kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00e2m linh huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean phong c\u00e1ch pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, bay b\u1ed5ng c\u00f9ng t\u00f2a sen v\u1edbi s\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con r\u1ed3ng… k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt mang v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p to\u00e0n b\u00edch. Nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc b\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0i sen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m tr\u1ed5 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft c\u00f4ng phu l\u00e0m t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0.<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 ch\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt T\u00edch to\u00e1t ra trong s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng n\u00f2i t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean (r\u1ed3ng), \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc (n\u01b0\u1edbc) v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111ang ng\u1ea7m ch\u1ea3y trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh (n\u1eef t\u00ednh) c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, phong c\u00e1ch m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt A Di t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Ng\u00f4 X\u00e1 (Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh) mang m\u1ed9t v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p kh\u00e1c. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 t\u00f3c xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c, gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i u n\u1ed5i (nh\u1ee5c kh\u1ea5u), m\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thon th\u1ea3, b\u1ee5ng m\u1ea3nh d\u1eb9t, m\u1eb7c ph\u00e1p y v\u1edbi hai l\u1edbp \u00e1o m\u1ecfng b\u00f3 s\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ebfp. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f4i b\u00e0n tay k\u1ebft \u1ea5n Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh Dhyana-mudra, l\u01b0ng b\u00e0n tay ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay tr\u00e1i, hai ng\u00f3n c\u00e1i ch\u1ea1m nhau. Hai b\u00e0n tay \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean ch\u00e2n, ngang b\u1ee5ng. Hai ch\u00e2n x\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i khu\u1ef3nh r\u1ed9ng, th\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i h\u01a1i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

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T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Ng\u00f4 X\u00e1, Nam \u0110\u1ecbnh. Ngu\u1ed3n: Chu Minh Kh\u00f4i (2013)<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u1ec1n kh\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed5 b\u1ec7. C\u1ed5 b\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n d\u1eb9t, hai m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u1eb3ng, xung quanh ch\u1ea1m n\u1ed5i hai con s\u01b0 t\u1eed trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u00ecn nghi\u00eang, mi\u1ec7ng c\u00f9ng ng\u1eadm chung m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc, \u0111u\u00f4i ch\u1ee5m n\u00e2ng h\u00ecnh l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1. B\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0i sen d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00e0i sen h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n d\u1eb9t, m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea1o hai l\u1edbp c\u00e1nh sen n\u1ed5i \u00f4m s\u00e1t nhau. L\u1edbp c\u00e1nh tr\u00ean to m\u1eadp, c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh to xen m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh nh\u1ecf. L\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1nh d\u00e0i nh\u1ecf, b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed so le v\u1edbi l\u1edbp tr\u00ean. Tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh sen ch\u1ea1m n\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i r\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea7u, th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean tr\u00ean, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft hoa v\u0103n d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ee5c tinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0i sen l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n b\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh b\u00e1t gi\u00e1c, h\u00ecnh ch\u00f3p c\u1ee5t, g\u1ed3m hai b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi nhau. N\u1eeda tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n s\u00e1t v\u1edbi c\u1ed5 b\u1ec7 ch\u1ea1m n\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t b\u00f4ng sen hai l\u1edbp c\u00e1nh l\u1eadt \u00fap, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng b\u00e1t gi\u00e1c gi\u1eadt tam c\u1ea5p, c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t to sen m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t nh\u1ecf, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00f4i r\u1ed3ng \u0111u\u1ed5i, m\u1eb7t n\u1eb1m ch\u1ea1m hoa c\u00fac d\u00e2y h\u00ecnh sin; n\u1eeda d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng, th\u00e2n t\u1ea1o hai t\u1ea7ng, ch\u1ea1m n\u1ed5i hoa v\u0103n s\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hoa v\u0103n trang tr\u00ed tr\u00ean b\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t n\u00f3i chung. V\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t tinh x\u1ea3o v\u00e0 m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi L\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Theo nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Chu Quang Tr\u1ee9, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Ng\u00f4 X\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt ch\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt T\u00edch c\u00f3 phong c\u00e1ch ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t h\u01a1i c\u00fai nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng, l\u00f4ng m\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng giao nhau, s\u1ed1ng m\u0169i h\u01a1i l\u00f5m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 gi\u1eefa hai kh\u00f3e m\u1eaft, nh\u00e2n trung l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hai v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n \u1edf hai b\u00ean, c\u1ed5 cao ba ng\u1ea5n, th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh dong d\u1ecfng thon th\u1ea3, b\u1ee5ng m\u1ea3nh d\u1eb9t, \u00e1o c\u00e0 sa kho\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt ch\u00f9a Ng\u00f4 X\u00e1 nh\u00ecn c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng \u00e1o c\u00e0 sa c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt ch\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt T\u00edch, ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed5 b\u1ec7 ch\u1ea1m h\u00ecnh s\u01b0 t\u1eed, l\u1edbp c\u00e1nh sen l\u1eadt \u00fap ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi\u2026<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 L\u00fd c\u00f3 phong c\u00e1ch th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 hai pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt T\u00edch v\u00e0 ch\u00f9a Ng\u00f4 X\u00e1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Th\u1ea7y, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1ed3i Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u01b0ng d\u00e0i, b\u1ee5ng d\u1eb9t, m\u00ecnh thon th\u1ea3. \u00c1o c\u00e0 sa kho\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ebfp g\u1edd n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, c\u00e1c n\u1ebfp m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean… [Chu Quang Tr\u1ee9 2011: 422].<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII mang phong c\u00e1ch m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trang tr\u00ed chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eb1m m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 \u1edf gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 \u1edf c\u00f5i C\u1ef1c l\u1ea1c, nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt \u1edf ch\u00f9a Th\u1ea7y (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i).<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 phong c\u00e1ch m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 trong b\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Di \u0110\u00e0 Tam t\u00f4n ng\u1ed3i b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 m\u00edt c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a nh\u01b0 ch\u00f9a Th\u1ea7y, ch\u00f9a T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng… H\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u00f9a Th\u1ea7y trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ki\u1ebft gi\u00e0, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 t\u00f3c k\u1ebft xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c cao thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u1ec9nh. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e0i 60 cm, chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba chi\u1ec1u cao t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ecd n\u1edf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1ee5c kh\u1ea5u m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ea1ch ng\u1ecdc h\u00e0o, khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i xoan, r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh thon th\u1ea3, thanh tho\u00e1t, n\u1ebfp \u00e1o ch\u1ea3y nu\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nh\u1ecbp d\u1ecdc trang tr\u00ed cho b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc. Tai \u0111eo hoa, c\u1ed5 \u0111eo v\u00f2ng d\u00e2y anh l\u1ea1c, ng\u1ef1c c\u00f3 ch\u1eef V\u1ea1n, tr\u00ean ng\u1ef1c \u1edf gi\u1eefa c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh hoa mai v\u00e0 anh l\u1ea1c, ki\u1ec3u h\u1ea1t tr\u00f2n k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh tr\u00e0ng ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean y ph\u1ee5c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t tr\u00f2n k\u1ebft chu\u1ed7i (n\u1eb1m theo b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c h\u00e0ng l\u1ed1i v\u00e0 xen k\u1ebd chia th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng \u00f4), h\u1ea1t tr\u00f2n k\u1ebft h\u00ecnh b\u00f4ng hoa (n\u1eb1m xen k\u1ebd trong chu\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t b\u1ea3o ch\u00e2u), c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201cb\u00e1t c\u00e1t t\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 hoa nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1nh. H\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 tr\u00ean ng\u1ef1c \u0111eo tr\u00e0ng d\u00e2y hoa anh l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Th\u1ea7y gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

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T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Di \u0110\u00e0 Tam t\u00f4n t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Th\u1ea7y, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i. \u1ea2nh: Minh Th\u1ecd (2014)<\/p>\n

Th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u00f9a Th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 kho\u00e1c \u00e1o c\u00e0 sa ch\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng, g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ebfp ph\u1ee7 quanh c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3n tr\u00f2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ee5ng. L\u1edbp \u00e1o ngo\u00e0i tr\u00f9m qua b\u1edd vai, ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean hai g\u1ed1i xu\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t b\u1ec7 sen. Tay ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f9i k\u00ea l\u00ean b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n, tay tr\u00e1i l\u1ed3ng l\u00ean tay ph\u1ea3i. Ng\u00f3n c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a hai tay \u0111an xen nhau, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111eo nh\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t hoa c\u00fac m\u00e3n khai.<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVIII kh\u1ecfe, ch\u1eafc c\u1ee9ng. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00f9a La Ph\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0i sen trang tr\u00ed r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i, kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t nu\u1ed9t, d\u00e1ng thanh tho\u00e1t, t\u00e0 \u00e1o bu\u00f4ng x\u00f2e c\u1ee9ng c\u00e1p. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf ch\u00f9a C\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0i sen, d\u00e1ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ecfe g\u1ecdn, n\u1ebfp \u00e1o nu\u1ed9t. C\u00f2n phong c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt th\u1eddi T\u00e2y S\u01a1n th\u00ec thanh cao. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00f9a T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ebfp \u00e1o bu\u00f4ng xu\u00f4i nh\u01b0 su\u1ed1i ch\u1ea3y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Phong c\u00e1ch m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i t\u1ecda Thi\u1ec1n (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hoa sen) \u1edf ch\u00f9a H\u1ed9i Th\u1ecd (Ti\u1ec1n Giang) b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea5t nung c\u00f3 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t nh\u00ecn h\u01a1i nghi\u00eang, \u00e1o c\u00e0 sa c\u00f3 n\u1ebfp g\u1ea5p, \u0111\u00f4i tai d\u00e0i, m\u1eaft lim dim, m\u0169i cao thanh t\u00fa, mi\u1ec7ng m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ed5 th\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ba ng\u1ea5n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u00f9a Ph\u1eadt T\u00edch hay ch\u00f9a Ng\u00f4 X\u00e1, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ef1c c\u00f3 ch\u1eef V\u1ea1n, tay \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean ch\u00e2n, tay ph\u1ea3i \u1edf tr\u00ean tay tr\u00e1i\u2026 Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u00f9a B\u1eedu H\u01b0ng (\u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p), ch\u00f9a Long H\u01b0ng (B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng) b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 phong c\u00e1ch gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u00f9a H\u1ed9i Th\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u00f9a B\u1eedu H\u01b0ng (\u0110\u1ed3ng Th\u00e1p), ch\u00f9a Long H\u01b0ng (B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng) ng\u1ed3i t\u1ecda Thi\u1ec1n tr\u00ean t\u00f2a sen hai l\u1edbp, m\u1eb7t nh\u00ecn th\u1eb3ng, c\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng cao kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p. Phong c\u00e1ch m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 dung h\u00f2a giao l\u01b0u v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp bi\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nhau. Nam b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Khmer n\u00ean phong c\u00e1ch m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 dung h\u1ee3p, k\u1ebft tinh t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 sinh s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, phong c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau:<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt nh\u00ecn c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i, h\u00e0i h\u00f2a theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng cao to b\u1ec1 th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt mang v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt mang d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam r\u1ea5t h\u00e0i h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, sen\u2026<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mang v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p n\u1eef t\u00ednh, d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00f4n h\u1eadu\u2026<\/p>\n

T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O<\/p>\n

1. Chu Quang Tr\u1ee9 (2001), T\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, NXB M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n

2. Chu Quang Tr\u1ee9 (2011), M\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt L\u00fd – Tr\u1ea7n, m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1eadt a di \u0111\u00e0 ch\u00f9a ph\u1eadt t\u00edch hay nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tuongphat3d.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2846"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tuongphat3d.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tuongphat3d.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tuongphat3d.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tuongphat3d.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2846"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tuongphat3d.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2846\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tuongphat3d.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2846"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tuongphat3d.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2846"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tuongphat3d.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2846"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}